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Kuwaiti women
Women in Kuwait are among the most emancipated women in the Middle East region. In 2014, Kuwait was ranked first among Arab countries in the Global Gender Gap Report.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Global Gender Gap Index 2014 - World Economic Forum )〕 In 2013, 53% of Kuwaiti women participated in the labor force.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kuwait: Selected Issues )〕
Women in Kuwait have experienced many changes since the discovery of oil. They have a long history of official political and social activism which started in the 1960s and continues today. In the 1950s their access to education and employment increased dramatically.
==Women in the pre-oil era==
From the 17th century until the discovery of oil in the 1950s, the economy of Kuwait was largely dependent on maritime trade. While men were seafaring, Kuwait’s women managed their homes, and controlled family affairs and finances. For those families that could afford it, houses were built with a courtyard and a harem where women spent most of their time. This structure, along with high windows and doors that faced into the house rather than the street, removed women from public vision. Urban, upper-class women’s participation in the public sphere was limited. However, women from less fortunate circumstances had a much less secluded experience; they went to the suq on a daily basis, fetched drinking water and washed their families’ clothes on the beach. Kuwaiti girls began learning scripture in 1916 when the first Quran school was established. After this many women of modest means began working as religious instructors. The first private school opened in 1926; it taught reading, writing, and embroidery. Public schooling began in 1937 though enrollment in it was low for some time; however, by the 1940s many young Kuwaiti women were enrolled in primary school. It was often women themselves who pushed for these educational advances and opportunities and in 1956 a group of young women burned their abayyas to protest their right to go abroad to study.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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